![]() The idea of a surprise attack was key to their success.” Surprise Attack American military personnel were involved in typical early-morning duties when the attack began, Martinez says. “It was to immobilize the Pacific Fleet and to take the Pacific Fleet out of action from at least six months to a year. “The Japanese strategy for the attack was pretty straightforward,” Martinez says. Hawaii was not a state at the time, and the fleet had only moved from California a year earlier. As tensions between the two nations escalated, the United States made Pearl Harbor the homeport of the Pacific Fleet, a group of U.S. Relations between the United States and Japan had been deteriorating long before the attack, says Daniel Martinez, chief historian at the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument in Honolulu, Hawaii. military and American entry into World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in the loss of 2,341 members of the U.S. ![]() On December 7, 1941, the sky over Pearl Harbor, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, darkened with a wave of attacking Japanese aircraft.
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